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| Study name | Short Description | Data Owner |
|---|---|---|
| Phys-Chem | Appearance/physical state/colour | Robust Study Summary -- Title: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | Author: Lide D.R. | Year: 2006 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Melting point/freezing point | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Melting point/freezing point | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: A.1 |Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Boiling point | Robust Study Summary -- Title: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | Author: Lide D.R. | Year: 2006 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Density | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: 109 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Density | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: A.3 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Particle size distribution (Granulometry)/Fibre length and diameter distribution | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Harnstoff TDS 10.10.09 Box 2 | Author: Halmdienst A. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Particle size distribution (Granulometry)/Fibre length and diameter distribution | Right to refer to study -- Title: Harnstoff TDS 10.10.09 Box 2 | Author: Halmdienst A. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Vapour pressure | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Sublimation pressure data for organic compounds | Author: Hamilton Jones A. | Year: 1960 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Partition coefficient | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of the partition coefficient between octanol and water (logPow) by the shake flask method. | Author: Junghans M. | Year: 2008 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Partition coefficient | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of the partition coefficient between octanol and water (logPow) by the shake flask method. | Author: Junghans M. | Year: 2008 | Guideline: A.8 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Water solubility | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Water solubility | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: A.6 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Flammability | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Flammability | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: A.10 |Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Explosive properties | Waiver | - |
| Phys-Chem | Oxidising properties | Waiver | - |
| Phys-Chem | Stability: Dissociation constant | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: 112 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Stability: Dissociation constant | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: 112 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Viscosity | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: oral | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Toxicological Studies of Urea. Acute Subacute and Chronic tests in Rats and Mice. | Author: Sato N. et al. | Year: 1977 | Guideline: 401 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: oral | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effect of an expansion-processed mixture of grain and urea on rumen metabolism in cattle and on urea toxicity | Author: Stiles D.A. et al. | Year: 1970 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: oral | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Absence of urea toxicity in young pigs | Author: Button C. Joubert J.P. Maartens B.P. | Year: 1982 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: inhalation | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: dermal | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Skin irritation / corrosion | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Primary Skin Irritation/Corrosion Study with AD1006 in the Rabbit (4-Hour Semi-Occlusive Application) | Author: Hooiveld M.J.J. | Year: 2003 | Guideline: 404 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Toxicological | Skin irritation / corrosion | Right to refer to study -- Title: Primary Skin Irritation/Corrosion Study with AD1006 in the Rabbit (4-Hour Semi-Occlusive Application) | Author: Hooiveld M.J.J. | Year: 2003 | Guideline: 404 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Toxicological | Eye irritation | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Report on the acute irritation to the eye of the white rabbit based on OECD | Author: Kirsch P. Kersebohm B. | Year: 1988 | Guideline: 405 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Eye irritation | Right to refer to study -- Title: Report on the acute irritation to the eye of the white rabbit based on OECD | Author: Kirsch P. Kersebohm B. | Year: 1988 | Guideline: 405 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Skin sensitisation | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria (Ames) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Chromosomal Aberration Tests in vitro as a Primary Screening Tool for Environmental Mutagens and/or Carcinogens | Author: Ishidate M. Sofuni T. & Yoshikawa K. | Year: 1981 | Guideline: 471 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria (Ames) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: The results of microbial mutation test for forty-three industrial chemicals | Author: Shimizu H. et al. | Year: 1985 | Guideline: 471 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria (Ames) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Salmonella mutagenicity tests: II. Results from the testing of 270 chemicals | Author: Mortelmans K. et al. | Year: 1986 | Guideline: 471 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro cytogenicity study in mammalian cells (CA) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Chromosomal Aberration Tests in vitro as a Primary Screening Tool for Environmental Mutagens and/or Carcinogens | Author: Ishidate M.; Sofuni T. & Yoshikawa K. | Year: 1981 | Guideline: 473 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro cytogenicity study in mammalian cells (CA) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Chromosome test with 134 compounds on Chinese hamster cells in vitro - a screening for chemical carcinogens | Author: Ishidate M. & Odashima S. | Year: 1977 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Mouse lymphoma L5178Y thymidine kinase locus assay of 50 compounds | Author: Wangenheim J. & Bolcsfoldi G. | Year: 1988 | Guideline: 476 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Repeated dose toxicity: oral | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Carcinogenesis bioassay of acetamide, hexanamide, adipamide, urea and P-tolylurea in mice and rats | Author: Fleischman R.W. et al | Year: 1980 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Genetic toxicity in vivo | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Genetic toxicity in vivo | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of urea on mitotic chromosomes of mice and onion | Author: Chaurasia O.P. & Sinha S.P. | Year: 1987 | Klimisch score: 3 - Not reliable. | - |
| Toxicological | Carcinogenicity | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Carcinogenesis bioassay of acetamide, hexanamide, adipamide, urea and P-tolylurea in mice and rats | Author: Fleischman R.W. et al. | Year: 1980 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Toxicity to reproduction | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Developmental toxicity/teratogenicity | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Prenatal developmental toxicity study of urea in rats by oral administration | Author: Hansen B. | Year: 2017 | Guideline: 414 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Toxicological | Developmental toxicity/teratogenicity | Right to refer to study -- Title: Prenatal developmental toxicity study of urea in rats by oral administration | Author: Hansen B. | Year: 2017 | Guideline: 414 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Toxicological | Developmental toxicity/teratogenicity | Waiver | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Results of the investigation of 200 chemical compounds for acute fish toxicity with the Golden Orfe test [Ergebnisse der Untersuchung von 200 chemischen Vergindungen auf akute Fischtoxizitat mit dem Goldorfentest] | Author: Juhnke I. & Ludemann D. | Year: 1978 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Sublethal Effects of Urea on Food Intake Growth and Conversion in the Fish Tilapia mossambica | Author: Palanichamy S.; Wilvam S. & Arunachalam S. | Year: 1985 | Guideline: 203 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of Acute Toxicity Levels of Urea to a Barillius barna (Ham) | Author: Dobriyal A.K. & Bahuguna A.K. | Year: 1988 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Laborbericht Fischtoxizitatsprüfung - akut | Author: BASF | Year: 1978 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Right to refer to study -- Title: Laborbericht Fischtoxizitatsprüfung - akut | Author: BASF | Year: 1978 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Long-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Impact of fertilizer (urea) on oxygen consumption and feeding energetics in the fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus | Author: Palanivelu V et al. | Year: 2005 | Guideline: 215 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Results of toxic action of water pollutants on Daphnia Magna Straus Tested by an Improved Standardized Procedure | Author: Bringmann G. & Kuhn R. | Year: 1982 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Toxicity of Urea to Daphnia magna in a 21-day semi-static reproduction test | Author: Juckeland D | Year: 2021 | Guideline: 211 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction | Adequacy: key study | GLP: Y. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates | Right to refer to study -- Title: Toxicity of Urea to Daphnia magna in a 21-day semi-static reproduction test | Author: Juckeland D | Year: 2021 | Guideline: 211 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction | Adequacy: key study | GLP: Y. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Grenzwerte der Schadwirkung wassergefährdender Stoffe gegan Blaualgen (Microcystis aeruginosa) und Grünalgen (Scenedesmus quadricauda) im Zellvermehrungshemmtest | Author: Bringmann G. & Kuhn R. | Year: 1978 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Comparison of the toxicity thresholds of water pollutants to bacteria algae and protozoa in the cell multiplication inhibition test | Author: Bringmann G. & Kuhn R. | Year: 1980 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Responses of morphological physiological and biochemical parameters in Euglena gracilis to 7-days exposure to two commonly used fertilizers DAP and urea | Author: Azizullah Azizullah; Peter Richter; Donat-Peter Häder | Year: 2012 | Guideline: 201 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of Fertilizer-Urea on Growth Photosynthetic Activity and Microcystins Production of Microcystis aeruginosa Isolated from Dianchi Lake | Author: Huang W; Bi Y; and Hu Z | Year: 2014 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of Urea on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an algal growth inhibition test | Author: Juckeland D | Year: 2021 | Guideline: 201 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction | Adequacy: key study | GLP: Y. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Right to refer to study -- Title: Effects of Urea on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an algal growth inhibition test | Author: Juckeland D | Year: 2021 | Guideline: 201 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction | Adequacy: key study | GLP: Y. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Evaluation of the adverse effects of two commonly used fertilizers DAP and urea on motility and orientation of the green flagellate Euglena gracilis | Author: Azizullah A. et al. | Year: 2011 | Klimisch score: 4 - Not assignable. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to microorganisms | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Comparison of the toxicity thresholds of water pollutants to bacteria algae and protozoa in the cell multiplication inhibition test | Author: Bringmann G. & Kuhn R. | Year: 1980 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of acidic deposition on soil invertebrates and microorganisms | Author: Kuperman RG and CA Edwards | Year: 1997 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Plant growth and nematode dynamics in response to soil amendments with neem products urea and compost | Author: Akhtar M | Year: 1999 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: THE VALIDATION OF MODIFIED TROPICAL ARTIFICIAL SOIL BY ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES ON EISENIA FOETIDA | Author: Abbiramy K. S. et al. | Year: 2012 | Guideline: 207 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Responses of earthworm species to long-term applications of slurry | Author: Murchie AK et al. | Year: 2015 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Lethal effect of urea on soil biota : a laboratory study on earthworm (Drawida willsi) | Author: Bhattacharya A and SK Sahu | Year: 2014 | Guideline: 207 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Genome-wide RNAi screen and in vivo protein aggregation reporters identify degradation of damaged proteins as an essential hypertonic stress response | Author: Cho KP and K Strange | Year: 2008 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Toxic effect of inorganic fertilizers to earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) | Author: Shruthi N; Biradar AP and Syed Muzammil | Year: 2012 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Comparative Study of the Effect of Chemical Fertilizers and Organic Fertilizers on Eisenia foetida | Author: Rai N; Ashiya P; and DS Rathore | Year: 2014 | Guideline: 222 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: © 2010 19th World Congress of Soil Science Soil Solutions for a Changing World 1 - 6 August 2010 Brisbane Australia. Published on DVD. 28, Influence of earthworms on the growth of cotton and wheat plants in contrasting soil types | Author: Baker G | Year: 2010 | Guideline: 222 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the abundance of enchytraeids and micro- arthropods in Scots pine forests | Author: LOHM U et al. | Year: 1977 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Growth of Caenorhabditis elegans in Defined Media Is Dependent on Presence of Particulate Matter | Author: Matthew R. Flavel et al | Year: 2018 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: THE VALIDATION OF MODIFIED TROPICAL ARTIFICIAL SOIL BY ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES ON EISENIA FOETIDA | Author: Abbiramy K. S. et al | Year: 2012 | Guideline: 222 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Seasonal and vertical distribution of soil fauna in a thinned and urea-fertilized Douglas fir forest. | Author: Marshall V.G. | Year: 1974 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS ON THE POPULATIONS OF SOIL ORIBATID MITES AND COLLEMBOLA IN JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM CULTIVATIONS IN KAFR EL-SHEIKH EGYPT | Author: Gazzy AA | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the abundance of enchytraeids and micro- arthropods in Scots pine forests | Author: LOHM U et al. | Year: 1977 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: DISCREPANCY BETWEEN ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY INDUCED BY IMIDACLOPRID AND ITS METABOLITES IN APIS MELLIFERA | Author: SUCHAIL S; GUEZ D and BELZUNCES LP | Year: 2001 | Guideline: 214 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Nitrogen Sources in Potato Fertilizers | Author: PEI Analytical Laboratories Soil Testing | Year: 2014 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: How to improve yield and quality of potatoes: effects of two rates of urea N urease inhibitor and Cytozyme nutritional program | Author: I. Khan et al. | Year: 2014 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: RESPONSE OF COMMON BUCKWHEAT TO NITROGEN AND PHOPHORUS FERTILIZATION | Author: ULLAH I et al. | Year: 2012 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: THE INFLUENCE OF VARIED NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SWISS CHARD (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L.) | Author: Dzida K and K Pitura | Year: 2008 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: GROWTH YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF LOWLAND RICE AS INFLUENCED BY AMMONIUM SULFATE AND UREA FERTILIZATION | Author: Fageria A. B. dos Santos & A. M. Coelho | Year: 2011 | Guideline: 208 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Nutritional disorders of sunflower | Author: Blamey F.P.C.; Edwards D.G. and Asher C.J. | Year: 1987 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Düngung von Kartoffeln | Author: Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein Westfalen Germany | Year: 2015 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: EFFECTS OF APPLIED NITROGEN ON YELLOW MUSTARD SEED PRODUCTION IN THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY | Author: DuVal AS; Chastain TG and CJ Garbacik | Year: 2015 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Elimination of the adverse effects of urea fertilizer on seed germination seedling growth and early plant growth in soil | Author: Bremner JM; Krogmeier MJ | Year: 1988 | Guideline: 208 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Evidence that the adverse effect of urea fertilizer on seed germination in soil is due to ammonia formed through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease | Author: Bremner JM; Krogmeier MJ | Year: 1989 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Ammonia Volatilization from Urea-Application Influenced Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Dry Direct-Seeded Rice | Author: Xiaoli Qi et al. | Year: 2012 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Response of Onion (Allium cepa L.) to nitrogen fertilizer rates and spacing under rain fed condition at Tahtay Koraro, Ethiopia | Author: Gebretsadik K and N Dechassa | Year: 2018 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of different nitrogen and potassium sources on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) yield in a sandy soil | Author: Awaad MS et al. | Year: 2016 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effect of different fertilizers on seed germination and seedling growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) from district Bhimber of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan | Author: Shahzaman Ml; Ishtiaq M; and A Azam | Year: 2017 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: THE EFFECT OF UREA WITH UREASE INHIBITORS AND UREA ON YIELD AND NITRATE CONTENT IN POTATO TUBERS | Author: Drápal K et al. | Year: 2013 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to terrestrial plants | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Plant growth and nematode dynamics in response to soil amendments with neem products urea and compost | Author: Akhtar M | Year: 1999 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Environmental | Hydrolysis | Waiver | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals | Author: Verschueren K. | Year: 1983 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Inherent Biodegradability: OECD Guideline 302 B (1981) Zahn-Wellens Test; | Author: BASF | Year: 1991 | Guideline: 302B | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Right to refer to study -- Title: Inherent Biodegradability: OECD Guideline 302 B (1981), Zahn-Wellens Test; | Author: BASF | Year: 1991 | Guideline: 302B | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Robust Study Summary -- Title: NN'-Dimethylharnstoff: Determination of the Biodegradability in the DOC Die-Away Test | Author: Schwarz | Year: 2002 | Guideline: 301 A | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Right to refer to study -- Title: N,N'-Dimethylharnstoff: Determination of the Biodegradability in the DOC Die-Away Test | Author: Schwarz | Year: 2002 | Guideline: 301 A | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests | Waiver | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in soil | Robust Study Summary -- Title: The Effect of Soil Environment and Fertilizer Modifications on the Rate of Urea Hydrolysis | Author: Vlek P.L.G. & Carter M.F. | Year: 1983 | Guideline: 304A | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in soil | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Zum biochemischen Harnstoffabbau in wäßriger Lösung - übersicht | Author: Gunkel K. Kümmel R. & Tümpling W.v. | Year: 1990 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Environmental | Bioaccumulation: aquatic/sediment | Waiver | - |
| Environmental | Adsorption/desorption | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Urea Transformations in Flooded Soil Columns: I. Experimental Results | Author: Hongprayoon C. Patrick W.H. Lindau C.W. Bouldin D.R. & Reddy K.R. | Year: 1991 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |